When browsing a dispensary menu, whether in-store or online, you’ll notice numbers everywhere — THC percentages, milligrams per serving, total cannabinoids, and more. But what do they all really mean? Understanding cannabis product potency is essential for both new and seasoned consumers. Let’s break it down in a friendly and easy-to-understand way.

What Is Cannabis Potency?

In the simplest terms, potency refers to how strong a cannabis product is. It’s usually measured by the concentration of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD (cannabidiol), or other cannabinoids in the product. THC is the psychoactive compound responsible for the “high,” while CBD is non-intoxicating and often sought for therapeutic effects like reducing anxiety or inflammation.

How to Read THC and CBD Percentages

For flower (bud), potency is typically expressed as a percentage. For example, if a strain is labeled as 20% THC, that means 20% of the plant material’s weight is THC. A flower with 15-20% THC is considered moderately strong, while anything over 25% is considered highly potent.

With concentrates and extracts, you’ll see much higher THC percentages — often in the range of 60% to 90% — because these products are processed to isolate and concentrate the cannabinoids.

Edibles and Dosage in Milligrams

Edibles are measured differently. Instead of percentages, they list milligrams of THC or CBD per serving and per package. A common dose for beginners is 2.5 to 5mg of THC, while experienced users may go for 10mg or more. It’s important to start low and go slow, especially because edibles take longer to kick in (30 minutes to 2 hours) and last longer.

For example, a chocolate bar might contain 100mg of THC total, but be divided into ten 10mg squares. Make sure to check the label before diving in — accidentally consuming too much can result in an uncomfortable experience.

Total Cannabinoids vs. Individual Cannabinoids

Some product labels list “total cannabinoids”, which is the sum of all cannabinoids present (e.g., THC, CBD, CBN, etc.). This gives a broader picture of a product’s potency. However, the effects depend on the cannabinoid ratio. A product with 20mg THC and 20mg CBD will likely feel different than one with 40mg THC and no CBD — even though both total 40mg cannabinoids.

Look for Lab Testing and COAs

Credible dispensaries sell products that are lab-tested for potency and safety. Look for a Certificate of Analysis (COA) or lab label showing exact cannabinoid content. These lab reports also ensure that the product is free from pesticides, mold, and residual solvents.

In Review

Determining cannabis potency doesn’t have to be intimidating. By understanding how to read labels and knowing your tolerance, you can better choose products that align with your desired experience. Whether you’re microdosing edibles or exploring top-shelf flower, potency matters — and now, you’ve got the knowledge to navigate it confidently.